Mendelian Inheritance
Definition
Mendelian inheritance refers to the patterns of inheritance discovered by Gregor Mendel through his pea plant experiments. It includes the Law of Segregation (alleles separate during gamete formation) and the Law of Independent Assortment (genes for different traits are inherited independently).
Key Points for NEET
- 1Based on experiments with garden peas
- 2Law of Dominance: dominant allele masks recessive
- 3Law of Segregation: alleles separate in gamete formation
- 4Law of Independent Assortment: genes inherited independently
- 5Monohybrid ratio: 3:1, Dihybrid ratio: 9:3:3:1
Example
Tall (TT) × short (tt) pea plants producing all tall F1, and 3:1 ratio in F2
Asked in NEET
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More Genetics Definitions
DNA Replication
DNA replication is the biological process by which a DNA molecule makes an identical copy of itself. This semiconservative process ensures that genetic information is accurately transmitted from parent to daughter cells during cell division. Key enzymes include DNA polymerase, helicase, and ligase.
Transcription
Transcription is the first step of gene expression, where a segment of DNA is copied into RNA (specifically mRNA) by the enzyme RNA polymerase. This process occurs in the nucleus in eukaryotes and transfers genetic information from DNA to messenger RNA, which then carries the code to ribosomes for protein synthesis.
Translation
Translation is the process by which ribosomes decode the mRNA sequence into a polypeptide chain (protein). It involves transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules that bring specific amino acids to the ribosome, where they are joined together in the order specified by the mRNA codons. This occurs in the cytoplasm.