BiotechnologyHigh NEET PriorityClass 12
PCR
Definition
PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) is a laboratory technique used to amplify specific DNA segments, creating millions of copies from a small sample. Invented by Kary Mullis in 1983, PCR uses thermal cycling with a heat-stable DNA polymerase (Taq polymerase) and specific primers.
Key Points for NEET
- 1Three steps: Denaturation (94°C), Annealing (55-65°C), Extension (72°C)
- 2Uses Taq polymerase (from Thermus aquaticus)
- 3Requires primers, dNTPs, and template DNA
- 4Exponential amplification: 2^n copies after n cycles
- 5Applications: diagnosis, forensics, research
Example
COVID-19 RT-PCR test amplifying viral RNA to detect infection
Asked in NEET
NEET 2024NEET 2023NEET 2022NEET 2021
Related Terms
DNA AmplificationTaq PolymerasePrimersThermal Cycler
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