Chapter 44

Osmoregulation and Excretion

Master water balance and waste removal. Learn kidney function in detail - essential for physiology exams.

8 Hours

Olympiad 5/5

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NEETRequired

MCATRequired

AP BiologyRequired

IB BiologyRequired

USABO

5/5

BBO

5/5

INBO

5/5

IBO

5/5

Key Topics Covered

Osmoregulation strategies

Nitrogenous waste types

Kidney structure and function

Nephron physiology

Hormonal regulation of kidney

Compare osmoregulatory strategies

Trace urine formation in nephron

Explain countercurrent mechanism

Understand ADH and aldosterone action

Very important! Excretory Products and Their Elimination tests nephron function, urine formation, and hormonal regulation.

Olympiads test clearance calculations, loop of Henle mechanism, and comparative excretory systems.

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